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Specification forming part of LettesPatent No. Q'Aiy datedMarch.$28,1.8'6'nl 1 To ali. whom it may concern.-

Be it known that'IF. S. PEASE, of Buffalo, in the county of Erie andState of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement inApparatus for Raising Oil and other Liquids from Deep Wells; and I dohereby declaro that the following is a full, clear, andoxact'description .thereof,.which will enable others skilled in theart tomake and use the -same,-reference being had to the accompanyy ingdrawings,'forming part of this speeication, in which- I Figure1represents in ivertical section of my improvement applied to anoil-well that qportiou of r,the ligure which shows the'cylinders'l) andEbeing drawn on the sectional lineWof'Fig. 2.' Fig. 2 is a .horizontalsectionalview ofthe air-pump S andl cylinders D E Staken .fon the linewfof Fig. 1'. Fig. 3 shows` aorossseetion' of `'the Iwell and wollftubeon theline y of Figui. Fig. 4 shows a "cross-'section of the saine onthe line z of Fig. l Similar letters ofreference 'indicate like parts.This invention has for its object to raise .oil `and other liquids fromdeep wells; and it con niets-in the use within a wellvof an alternateplenum and vacuum of air or gas 'produced by an air-pump or equivalentmeans, the said plenum and vacuum being applied by means of a suitableconducting-pipe'which is passed .downl into the well within or withoutthe. Welltube in connectionwith valves .andchamloers '-for the passageinto the well-tube ofthe oil or other liquids to be raised. 4

A' represents an oil-well, and B .the well tube with'itsconducting-spent.

-U represents a seedqbag packing to be placed at a suitable point aroundthe ,Well-tube.

y B i's-anv air-pump,connected at. either 4end ofits cylinder with twocylinders, D and E, the former of 'which is designed to beavaomum-chamber and the latter a reservoir for containing air under-.ahigh state of compression. The air-pump may be surrounded' by a jacketor tank to contain cold water or any refrigerating substance for 4thepurpose of cooling the cylinder of. the pump while itis in operation,'.Lhe pump is fitted with an inletvalve, 4,' andpassage 6 at one endnearest the "ainreservoir E and an outlet-valve, 2, and passage 5 nearits other end opposite the exhaustcylinder.A The pipes UV, whichconneet'thel pump with the cylinders Dlanpd E, are iitted with suitablevalves, 1 andl 3as seen in the Y drawings.

F is av p'ost rising from the platform between I the vessels D 'and E,and stayedby a bracing,- rod lreaching to the side of thep11-mp,eylinden The top of each of the l'vessels D andE arettcd withstoppers H H', which .areperf rated'so as to connect the said vesselswith an The stopperHof the vessel E has a straight' passage, f, throughit, anda seat is formed on its bottomfor avalv, j I, the spindle ofwhich passes upthrough the air-conducting pipe, e.

passage f and through and above a stulingbox, the top of the spindlehaving acap, K,

whichnearly comes in contact with one arm a of a vibrating lever, G,which risesfrom the` post F. A spiral spring, ,iiitted onthe'j spindlebetween its cap andihetop of the-k stufng-hox, tends to keep the lvalveI always drawn up to its seat. The stopper'lli-'of theexhaust-cylinder!) is Valso perforated to rcceive the spindle ofitsvalve I', and that spindle also hasI a spring, J, andk a capyK,

the latter boing instbeneath the opposite arm a .of-the vibrating* leverG. The 'stopper H has/la channel, ,d, whichbeginsiu e,"valve-chamber,efformed within the lower part of the stopper E', andascends nearly to its top, whence it takes alateral direction throughthatside of the stopper vwhisr. isf'to-L I ward the exhaust-cylinder,audis connected.

with the air-pipe'e.

. b is a bent or crooked passage made througlt one of the sides ofthestoppergwithin there# ceiver, 'andwhich is carried down in a verticaldirection into the valve-chaumont@ 'seat' of the valve l being at theplace @degenti-@pagg into the valve-chamber.

- From thiscon'strnction itjiellows i operatingthe air-pump :t vaanm-.flnolemilesa perfect, .according to th "erhelleney4 of the pum-p,will be produced'iiith "cylinder D, and air will be forced intoandjoompressed inthe cylindeil E..v It'. now one-vibratesthe lever i3#toward the right, one of its armsa will .depress the-valve` I andpermitI the` escape,v of ail' therefrom into the air-pipe c, which inthis .exi

ampleis passed. diametrically through .thel

stopper H, and intersects and is put into communicationwith theperforation j in thatstop. per. When the lever is released, the spring`J yandthe pressure of the air in the cylinder causes the valve to close.lf'the lever G vis next vibrated inthe opposite direction, the valve l'ofthe exhaustcylinder will be opened vand air from the pipe e will rushintoit with a great velocity, more or less great vaccording to thel'reriection. of the vacuum-formed in the cylinder and the pressure ofair in the pipe c.

v'l'he air thus admitted into the exhaust-cylinder is to be removed bymeans 'of the pumpwhich Iwill att-he same time renew the supply of airin the reservoir and keep up. it; high pressure therein. Vithin thewell-tube, near its4 lower end, I forma valve-chamber by means ofperforated diaphragms h and i, the lower vdiaphragm, h, being fitted'with a valve, g, here shown to be conical, and kept from displacenentby a metallic guard, 7, and the upper diaphragnni, being fitted witha smaller valve, ln, of the same form and working beneath a metallicguard, l. The valve-opening` in this d'aphragm' is placed at one side ofthe centerA ried downward withiufthe chamber A' nearlyto the lowervalve. The cross-section, Figs and 4, show the relative positions of theairpipe e and valve n in the upper diaphragm, i, and the valveg in thelower diaphragm.

The operation of the apparatus is as :t'ol. y lows z When the pipe e isput in communica-` tion with the cylinder. E, the air compressed thereinwill rush with violence through the pipe c into the chamber A and forceany liquids and air whichA may be present therein into the small tu-bem, and thence through the valve n upward into the well-tube. Byexhausting air from the air-pipe ehinto Ithe cylinder l) a partialvacuum is formed in the I chamber A', which will be immediately filledby the oil or other liquid'vpresent in the bottom of the well, whichwill pour through the valve g until an equilibrium of pressure isobtained between the contents of the well and the contents of thechamber A. Compressed Vair being again let 4into the pipe 'e, part ofthe contents of the chamber A will be again forced through the valveaand' its place supplied', as before, by means vof the operation ofexhausting air 'from the pipe e and chamber A' into theexhaust-cylinder.

By admitting'air at avhigh pressure into the chamber A and exhausting.the same in alternation by means of the vibrating lever G. the

contents oi' the well will be' forced' upward through the well-tube tothe surface of the ground. The vibrating lever furnishes means forrepeating this action with great rapidity, and l am thus enabled toraise oil and other liquids in large quantities.

The valves g and n inay be ball-valves if that form is preferred. Thelheight of the chamber A may be varied to suit the character of the well,a height varying from ten t0 twenty feet heilig adapted for most wells.The

tubem should be ot' about the same diam.

eter as the air-pipe c, or should not greatly exceed that diameter, inorder that the column of liquid'therein may be rapidly dischargedthrough the upperva-lve.

lf it is desired to increase the expansion of `the compressed air afterit is delhfered into the conducting-pipe e, heat maybe applied tosaidpipef :vt-any suitable point between the vreceiver and the mouth ofthc well; butin that case the pipev from the exhaust-cylinder shouldconnect with the pipe e beyond'thc point where the heat is applied, or,in other words, there should be a separate pipe from each ot' thecylinders D and E to connect them with the pipe e.

"Whenthe oil in the well is very deep, its pressure may be found sucientto supply the chamber A by only relieving the lower valve of thepressure of the compressed air without the use of an exhausted receiveror of an airpump to exhaust the irpipe, in which case the said air-pipeneed only be relieved by means rof a cock, which shall discharge airtherefrom into the common atmosphere after each admission of compressedair into the airf pipe e. But where the flow of oil is sluggish,

an exhausting apparatus or an exhausted re- 'ceiver will be found "ofgreat importance.' The air-pump, which may be of any suitableconstruction for a double-acting pump, is to be kept in continual'operation so as to keep a plenum in one cylinder and form a vacuum inthe other during thc time the lever Gis vibrated.

The operation of the pump and cylinders D 'and E, above described, issimilar in principle to the action of an `ordinary pump if the same wereused to force air into the tube e by one motion of the'piston, andwithdraws it on the return motion, and when it is desired. to use thesame column of air` iu order to' rempty and till the chamber Aalternately, asyringcpump may be used, or a pump embracing thatconstruction. By connecting the air pipe and chamber A with an exhaustedreceiver and a reservoir of compressed air I provide a reserve force, sothat when the valve of either is opened, the action of the column of airis instaut-aneously brought to bear at the bottom of the well. y

' Inordinary pumping wells the well-tube is from two to two andthree-fourth inches in diameter, .and it contains a long rod, generallymade of wood, connected with the. plungerv at the bottom ot thewell-tube. The diameter of this rod is usually from one and one-half toone and three-fourths of an inch, and it therefore fills up much of theinterior of the tube.v Since it is necessary to raise and lower thispiston-rod at each stroke of the pump its great length and weight causethe motions of the pump to be very slow7 ranging from forty to-sixty aminute. In my invention I make use of an airpipe, c, of, say,one-]mlf ofan inch 'in diameter, thereby occupying less space inl the well-tubethan the pstonrod above mentiOned.

It will be seen that I make uso in my inven- V tion not only oftheprinciple of raising uids by means of' alternately supplying andexhausting air to and from a. chamber 1in which is pl-.ieed aninlet-valve, (asin thechamber A,)

but also by means of the small pipe m, whose upper end communicatesthrough the valve n 'with the well tubeabove. und whose lower end isimmersed in the liquids conta-ined in the chamber A. I use the principleof hydrostatic pressure, the column of liquid in the tube m being madethe medium for transmitting to the column 'of liquid in the well-tubeabove the vulve n the force brought upon the column in the chamber A.

I do notclcim the use of steam or compressed nir for elevating oilorother liquids.

I claim as 1neyv and desire to secure by Letters Patent-jj l 1. Raisingoil or other liquids from Wells and other deep places by intermittentpulsative action or repentedxibrntion of a, confined 'body of air orother huid, substantially as ,herein set forth.

wnrd, the upper valve communicating with the chamber. A by means of a.tube, in, substantiall y as described.

4. The vulves g n of the vnlveehembcr A', operated bymeans of thevibrations of al co1- un'in'ouir, alternately filling the chamber withnir und exhausting the same, for the pur; Osc of raising oil and otherliquids from deep Wel ls. substantially :is described.

F. S. PEASE.

Witnesses: I

M. M. LrViNGs'roN, J. P. HALL.

